Obstetrics & Gynaecology is 15% of the Emirates Medical Residency Entrance Examination, across 56 blueprint topics. Try twelve questions from Axiota's EMREE pack, which has 470 cards on this section.
Pick an answer to start
Diagnoses & Investigations · Antenatal Care — Screening, Growth, Twins and the Rhesus Problem
At how many weeks of gestation is standard-risk screening for gestational diabetes performed?
Show the full answer
By oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation in standard-risk pregnancies — fasting overnight, then 75 grams of glucose. Diagnosis follows a fasting glucose of 92 mg/dL or more, a 1-hour level of 180 mg/dL or more, or a 2-hour level of 153 mg/dL or more. Any single abnormal value makes the diagnosis, unlike the criteria outside pregnancy.
Fundamental Scientific Concepts · Gynaecological Oncology — Cervix, Endometrium, Ovary and Vulva
Which two HPV types are responsible for approximately 75% of cervical cancer cases globally?
Show the full answer
Human papillomavirus. Types 16 and 18 cause 75% of cervical cancer cases globally, and 31 and 45 another 10%, from twelve classified high-risk types. Because a virus initiates it and the precancerous phase lasts years, cervical cancer is one of the few malignancies that can be prevented twice over — by vaccination before exposure, and by detecting and treating precancer afterwards.
Diagnoses & Investigations · Gynaecology — Bleeding, Pain, Absent Periods and the Change
What diagnosis must be excluded first in a postmenopausal woman presenting with vaginal bleeding?
Show the full answer
Endometrial carcinoma. Postmenopausal bleeding is cancer until proved otherwise, and the pathway is urgent transvaginal ultrasound to measure endometrial thickness with endometrial sampling — the threshold for concern is far lower after the menopause than before it, because the pre-test probability of malignancy rises sharply with age.
Diagnoses & Investigations · Labour, Birth and the Weeks After
On a cardiotocograph trace, what is the underlying cause of late decelerations?
Show the full answer
Late decelerations, a result of placental insufficiency, which can result in fetal distress. They differ from variable decelerations, which are generally a result of umbilical cord compression — contractions may further compress a cord wrapped around the neck or under the shoulder. Timing relative to the contraction is what separates a perfusion problem from a mechanical one, and they carry different urgency.
Prevention & Health Maintenance · Obstetric and Gynaecological Practice — Consultation, Choice and Safeguarding
What is the first-year failure rate of intrauterine devices, surgical sterilisation, and hormone implants?
Show the full answer
The long-acting ones. Surgical sterilisation, implantable hormones and intrauterine devices all have first-year failure rates of less than 1%, and IUDs are one form of long-acting reversible contraception — the most effective type of reversible birth control. Condoms, diaphragms and spermicides have higher first-year failure rates even with perfect use, because their effectiveness depends on correct use every time.
Diagnoses & Investigations · Pre-eclampsia, Labour, and the Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Beyond what gestational threshold must new-onset hypertension and proteinuria occur to be diagnosed as pre-eclampsia?
Show the full answer
Pre-eclampsia. The criteria are blood pressure ≥140 mmHg systolic or ≥90 mmHg diastolic on two separate readings taken at least four to six hours apart after 20 weeks of gestation, combined with proteinuria or organ dysfunction. Before 20 weeks the same numbers indicate chronic hypertension — the gestational threshold is part of the definition, not a detail.
Clinical Features · Obstetric Emergencies — Bleeding Early, Late and After
What percentage of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube?
Show the full answer
The embryo attaches outside the uterus, and most ectopic pregnancies — 90% — occur in the fallopian tube. Risk factors are pelvic inflammatory disease, tobacco smoking, prior tubal surgery, a history of infertility and use of assisted reproductive technology; those who have previously had an ectopic pregnancy are at much higher risk of another. Anything that damages tubal transport predisposes.
Prevention & Health Maintenance · Prevention and Work-up — Acting Before the Disease and Testing With a Question
Between what gestational age range are antenatal corticosteroids indicated for threatened preterm labour?
Show the full answer
Antenatal steroids. In women who might deliver between 24 and 37 weeks, corticosteroid treatment may improve outcomes, reducing respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular haemorrhage and neonatal death. Tocolysis rarely delays delivery beyond 24 to 48 hours — and that is precisely its purpose: to buy the time in which the steroids act and transfer to a unit with neonatal intensive care can happen.
Diagnoses & Investigations · Antenatal Care — Screening, Growth, Twins and the Rhesus Problem
Which Doppler ultrasound parameter is used to monitor for fetal anaemia in a woman with confirmed red cell alloimmunisation?
Show the full answer
At the first prenatal visit the mother is typed for ABO blood group and the presence or absence of RhD, and a screen for antibodies is performed — repeated later in pregnancy. A positive antibody screen changes management entirely: anti-D no longer helps, and the pregnancy is monitored for fetal anaemia by middle cerebral artery Doppler, with intrauterine transfusion where anaemia develops.
Which visual inspection technique aided by dilute acetic acid is used to guide cervical biopsy?
Show the full answer
Colposcopy with biopsy. Confirmation of the diagnosis of cervical cancer or precancer requires a biopsy of the cervix, often done through colposcopy — a magnified visual inspection aided by dilute acetic acid. Cytology and HPV testing are screening tools that select who needs looking at; they never establish the diagnosis themselves.
Pharmacologic Therapies · Gynaecology — Bleeding, Pain, Absent Periods and the Change
What is considered the most effective medical treatment option for heavy menstrual bleeding?
Show the full answer
By reducing flow rather than by removing anatomy where possible: the levonorgestrel intrauterine system as the most effective medical option, tranexamic acid taken during menses, NSAIDs which reduce both flow and pain, and combined hormonal contraception or cyclical progestogen. Iron replacement treats the consequence. Surgery follows failure of medical treatment or a structural cause needing removal.