Family Medicine is 15% of the Emirates Medical Residency Entrance Examination, across 39 blueprint topics. Try twelve questions from Axiota's EMREE pack, which has 188 cards on this section.
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Professionalism, Ethics & Communication · Ethics II and Patient Safety — Resuscitation, Donation, Abuse and the Checklist
What specific medical intervention is directly withheld by a standard DNR order?
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That a person should not receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation if their heart stops beating — a medical order, written or oral depending on the jurisdiction. Sometimes these decisions and the relevant documents also encompass decisions around other critical or life-prolonging interventions, but the order itself concerns CPR at the moment of arrest and nothing more.
Fundamental Scientific Concepts · Ethics III — Leaving, Speaking Up, Certifying and Measuring
Which dimension of healthcare quality focuses specifically on avoiding the over- and underuse of medical services?
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Safety — reducing the likelihood that patients are harmed by medical errors. Effectiveness — avoiding over and underuse of resources and services. Patient-centredness — considering and accommodating individual patient needs when making care decisions. Timeliness — reducing wait times. Efficiency — reducing waste and total cost of care. Equity — closing racial and income gaps in health care.
Professionalism, Ethics & Communication · Ethics, Communication and Patient Safety
Which core principle of medical ethics specifically concerns the distribution of scarce health resources?
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Respect for autonomy — the patient has the right to refuse or choose their treatment. Beneficence — a practitioner should act in the best interest of the patient. Non-maleficence — to not be the cause of harm, and to promote more good than harm. Justice — concerns the distribution of scarce health resources, and the decision of who gets what treatment.
Professionalism, Ethics & Communication · Professionalism II — The Difficult Conversations
Which bioethical principle underpins the requirement for a clinician to decline performing an uncredentialed procedure?
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Decline and escalate. Non-maleficence is the duty to not be the cause of harm, and performing a procedure outside one's competence converts a staffing problem into a patient safety problem. Clinical privileges are a formal statement of what an individual has been assessed as competent to do, so working outside them is neither brave nor loyal. The professional act is to say so early enough that cover can be arranged.
Prevention & Health Maintenance · Public Health — Prevention, Environment and Outbreaks
What minimum concentration of alcohol must hand sanitiser contain to be used when hands are not visibly dirty?
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No — soap and water are needed here. Hand sanitiser at least 60% alcohol can be used if soap and water are unavailable, as long as hands are not visibly excessively dirty or greasy. Regular hand washing in community settings significantly reduces respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, and the WHO recommends washing for at least 20 seconds.
Non-pharmacologic Management · Ethics II and Patient Safety — Resuscitation, Donation, Abuse and the Checklist
How should a treatable acute infection, such as pneumonia, be managed in a patient with a DNR order?
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Treat the pneumonia. Reductions in other care are not supposed to result from a DNR decision being in place — the order concerns resuscitation at cardiac arrest, not the ceiling of everything else. This is a documented failure mode: many doctors misinterpret DNR preferences and thus do not provide other appropriate therapeutic interventions.
Prevention & Health Maintenance · Ethics III — Leaving, Speaking Up, Certifying and Measuring
Which radiation protection principle is breached if a CT is requested for a child when ultrasound could answer the question?
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Justification — no unnecessary use of radiation is permitted, and the advantages must outweigh the disadvantages. Where a non-ionising test answers the clinical question, the radiation dose has no offsetting benefit. Children are more radiosensitive and have more years for a stochastic effect to appear, which is why lower doses are used for them and why ultrasound is preferred first in paediatric abdominal imaging.
Professionalism, Ethics & Communication · Ethics, Communication and Patient Safety
Which ethical principle represents the duty to not be the cause of harm?
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Non-maleficence — to not be the cause of harm. Beneficence is the positive duty to act in the best interest of the patient; non-maleficence is the restraining duty not to inflict harm. The two pull apart exactly here: the intervention that might help is also the one that might injure, and weighing them is the judgement the principles frame rather than settle.
Diagnoses & Investigations · Ethics II and Patient Safety — Resuscitation, Donation, Abuse and the Checklist
Which legal standard of death allows organ retrieval while mechanical ventilation maintains perfusion and cardiac function?
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Through brain death. Brain death may result in legal death, but still with the heart beating and with mechanical ventilation keeping all other vital organs alive and functional for a certain period. Death is defined as the irreversible cessation of the function of either the brain or the heart and lungs — so a patient meeting brain death criteria is dead by the neurological standard even while perfused.
Non-pharmacologic Management · Ethics III — Leaving, Speaking Up, Certifying and Measuring
Under the ALARA framework, which three factors are controlled to minimise occupational radiation exposure?
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By ALARA — keeping exposure as low as reasonably achievable — using three controllable factors: time, since reducing exposure duration proportionally decreases dose; distance, since dose falls by the inverse square law; and shielding, where solid or liquid materials absorb radiation energy around the source. Standing one step further back does more than most protective equipment.
Professionalism, Ethics & Communication · Ethics, Communication and Patient Safety
Which component of informed consent ensures decision-making is free from coercion or manipulation?
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Voluntariness refers to the subject's right to freely exercise their decision making without being subjected to external pressure such as coercion, manipulation or undue influence. Consent extracted by pressure — from family, from an employer, or from a clinician's own urgency — is not valid however complete the disclosure was.
Professionalism, Ethics & Communication · Ethics II and Patient Safety — Resuscitation, Donation, Abuse and the Checklist
Under the US National Organ Transplant Act, which practice is explicitly prohibited in organ donation?
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Family and commerce. In many jurisdictions family members are required to consent or refuse, or may veto a potential recovery even if the donor has consented. And payment is prohibited — granting monetary incentives for organ donation is illegal in the United States under the National Organ Transplant Act. Consent makes donation permissible; it does not make it a transaction.
Informed Consent, DNR/DNI, Organ Donation, Abortion, Breaking Bad News, DAMA, Authorship and Plagiarism, Patient Privacy, Proper HIM, Abuse (spouse, child and elderly), Conflict of Interest, Social Media Practices/Technology, Confidentiality, Sick Leave, Second opinions, Medico-legal Issues/Whistleblowing, Death Certificate, Identity Theft, Fertility Ethics, Plastic Surgery/Bariatric/Obesity, Communications with peers' patients, Bullying and Abuse, Impaired Physicians
Patient Safety
Clinical Privileges, Patient /Community Education, Medications Safety, Infectious Prevention and Control, Surgical Safety, Emergency Preparedness, Continues Professional development, Inter-professional communication, International patient safety goals, Blood Transfusion safety, Radiation Safety, Patient Empowerment, Communication with patient and family, Institute of Medicine Quality dimensions, Diagnostic Errors, Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis